How does the X-RAY inspection machine achieve internal defect detection?

X-ray testing machine is a non-destructive testing equipment that can detect internal defects in metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials. Abnormalities such as cracks, foreign objects, misalignment, and defects can be achieved through X-ray testing machine. It uses X-rays to penetrate the material, and then uses a flat panel detector to image the internal defects inside, helping us detect problems in the material. So how does an X-ray testing machine detect internal defects?

Firstly, the X-ray testing machine needs to adjust the X-ray generator (also known as light tube or ray source) to an appropriate energy level (there are currently multiple different ray sources on the market, and different testing materials and thicknesses require different energy values. For non-metallic plates such as PCBA plates, 50KV energy values are sufficient, while for relatively thin iron plates, 130KV~160KV energy values are sufficient), in order to penetrate the materials to be tested. Then, the X-rays are irradiated onto the tested area of the material and the reflected X-rays are collected by a detector. Due to the presence of internal defects, the intensity and distribution of the reflected X-rays will change, which are captured by the detector and converted into electrical signals.

Next, these electrical signals will be processed and analyzed by a computer system. The computer system will generate an image based on changes in electrical signals, which will display the location and shape of internal defects in the material. At the same time, computer systems can further process and analyze images to help us better understand the internal situation of materials.

In addition to detecting internal defects, X-ray testing machines can also be used for other applications, such as detecting material thickness and measuring material density. These applications can be achieved by adjusting the energy level of the X-ray generator and the position of the detector.

In summary, X-ray testing machines are a very useful non-destructive testing equipment that can be used to detect internal defects and other properties of materials. It has the advantages of efficiency, accuracy, and speed, so it has been widely used in industrial production and quality control.